ASTM F1684 4J36 Invar 36 Capillary Tube Iron-Nickel Steel Tube For Low Thermal Expansion Applications
Material
ASTM F1684 4J36, commonly known as Invar 36, is a specialized iron-nickel alloy renowned for its exceptional low thermal expansion properties. This makes it an ideal choice for applications where dimensional stability is crucial over a range of temperatures. The alloy is primarily composed of 36% nickel and 64% iron, which gives it unique characteristics that are highly valued in precision engineering fields.
Specification
The ASTM F1684 standard outlines the specifications for Invar 36 capillary tubes, ensuring they meet the necessary requirements for low thermal expansion applications. These tubes are manufactured to precise dimensions and tolerances, making them suitable for use in scientific instruments, aerospace components, and other high-precision environments.
Key Features
- Low Thermal Expansion: Invar 36 is renowned for its minimal thermal expansion, maintaining dimensional stability across a wide temperature range.
- High Dimensional Stability: Ideal for applications requiring precision and stability.
- Corrosion Resistance: Offers good resistance to corrosion, enhancing its durability in various environments.
- Magnetic Properties: Exhibits magnetic properties that can be advantageous in certain applications.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of Invar 36 is critical to its performance. Below is a table detailing its typical composition:
| Element | Composition (%) |
| Nickel | 36.0 |
| Iron | 63.0 - 64.0 |
| Carbon | ≤ 0.05 |
| Manganese | ≤ 0.60 |
| Silicon | ≤ 0.30 |
| Sulfur | ≤ 0.025 |
| Phosphorus | ≤ 0.025 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of Invar 36 are equally important, ensuring it can withstand the demands of its applications. The table below outlines these properties:
| Property | Value |
| Density | 8.11 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength | 490 MPa (71,000 psi) |
| Yield Strength | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Elongation | 30% |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 141 GPa (20,500 ksi) |
Steel Grade
Invar 36 is classified under the steel grade 4J36, which is specifically designed for applications requiring low thermal expansion. This grade is part of the broader family of iron-nickel alloys, each tailored for specific performance characteristics.
Application
Invar 36 capillary tubes are used in a variety of applications, including:
- Scientific Instruments: Precision measurement devices and optical instruments.
- Aerospace: Components requiring high dimensional stability.
- Electronics: Parts in electronic devices that must maintain precise dimensions.
- Cryogenic Systems: Equipment operating at very low temperatures.
Possible Alternative Grades
While Invar 36 is highly specialized, there are alternative grades that may be suitable for certain applications, depending on specific requirements:
- Invar 42: Offers slightly different thermal expansion properties.
- Kovar: Known for its compatibility with glass and ceramics.
- Super Invar: Provides even lower thermal expansion than standard Invar 36.
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